Multiple-impact turbine.



Non 797,130. PATENTED AUG. 15, 1905.

H. I llEll MULTPLE MPAGT TURBINH.

APPLICATION FILED ma. 31, 1905.

WWNESSES; mwN-TOR, f uGo LklNTz, BW Mak/.EMM

m5 ATTQRNEY HUGO LENTZ, OF MERLIN, GERMANY.

NONI/97,130.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 15, 1905.

Application led March 3l, 1905. Serial No. 253,109.

T0 rif/ZZ whom, it mar/,7j cmi/cern;

Be it known that l, HUGO lmN'rZ, a subject of the German lmperor, residing at l0 and 1l Fotsdamerstrasse, in the city oll Berlin, German Empire, have invented a new and useful llmprovei'nent in Multiple --llmpact Turbines; and li do hereby declare the following to be a iiull, clear, and exact description oi the same.

My invention relates to nniltiple-impact turbines, and has for its object the increasing' ot the economy of the same.

The preferred ilorm ot apparatus embodying my invention, as well as certaindiagrams illustrating the principle oi operation thereof, are illustrated in the accol'npanying sheet of drawings, in which Figure l is a diagram showing the line oi discharge oit the steam from a turbine-wheel at varying rates oi speed. Figs. 2, 3, and et are diagrams ot' the forces involved at such different rates oit speed. Fig. 5 is a detail view in section oi a turbine-engine.to which my invention has been applied.

',lihroughout the drawings like reference-letters indicate like parts.

It is well known that when a jet ot' steam or gas is injected through a nozzle or passageway, as o, so as to strike the blades or buckets of a rotating turbine-wheel a, the direction and velocity of the discharged steam after it leaves said buckets vary according to the relative speeds oi the steam-jet and the wheelbuckets. lhe graphical representation oi? the lvelocity and direction ot' the steam will be a line which completes the triangle ot' Yforces, the other sides of which are represented by the velocity and direction of travel of the buckets and the velocity and direction olI travel oll the discharg'ed steam, iii' said buckets were held stationary. lin Fig. 3, for instance, wu represents the velocity and direction of travel of the steam particles rebounding from stationary bucket a, yim represents the direction ot' travel and velocity of the bucket a, and en the resultant velocity and direction otl travel of a particle of steam which strikes said bucket when revolving at said speed an. lit the bucket is stationary, the line representing the bucket travel oit course reduces to Zero, and the two lines wn and on coincide and become w1 and ci, as shown in Fig. 2. lit the speed oi the bucket is increased, the diagram takes the form shown in Fig. a, where om is the line of travel oit the steam particle. rlhese causes produce the various series ol parallel jets l,

ll, and HI, as shown in Fig. l, assuming ot' course that all the buckets a have the same configuration and inclination. ln the case of a sin glo-impact turbine this phenomenon does not require any speciallattention i'urther perhaps than to make sure that the dischargeorifice is wide enough to include the dili'erent points ol discharge oiI the steam; but in multiple-impact turbines in which the steam is used two or more times, being led back to the turbine-wheel at another point after having been discharged from the blades at one point, it becomes necessary, itl the eliicicncy of the apparatus is to be preserved, to make sure that the steam discharged at these various speeds ol rotation shall all be properly taken care oi' and turned into a common direction of discharge, which is ot' course the medial line ot the passage-way leading the steam back to the turbine-wheel, as shown at c in Fig. 5. My invention accomplishes this by the use ot' a series ol. curved vanes (21,6211, and chu, (shown in F ig. 5,) which are located along' the line of travel oiI the ti'ubine-wheel upon the discharge side, the lirst one, (Z1, correspoi'iding in shape and location to the path :followed by the discharged steam when the bucket a is stationary, the last one, (lm, corresponding' in shape and location to the line oi" discharge oit' steam when the turbine is at its maximum velocity and the others, (ZH, being located at intermediate points to correspond to intermediate speeds oll rotation. As shown, these vanes are curved, so as to receive tangentially the steam delivered from the buckets oll the turbine-wheel and gradually deflect the same until at the moment of leaving the other edge otI the vane the steam has a direction of travel coincident with the medial line of the steampassage c.

The mode of operation of my invention is of course clear irom the foregoing description. ln the case et' turbines used on locomotives, ships, and other cases where varying speeds are necessary and it is oiten required to start up a turbine from the condition of rest my invention ii" employed enables the guide-vane di to take care of the steam discharged at the beginning of operations and the vanes Zn to similarly receive and control the discharged steam, as the speed oi the turbine increases until at its maximum the steam is received and guided by the vano (lm. In every case the discharged steam is turned so as to follow the direction oi" the arrow in the passage-way c with the least possible loss of velocity, and so is enabled to eXert its maXimum power at its second impact upon the buchets of the turbine-wheel.

It is evident, of course, that the principle of my invention can be embodied in many and various forms of construction, and I do not limit myself to the particular construction of turbine shown in the drawings.

Having therefore described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, isA

1. A steam-turbine having upon the discharge side of the turbine-wheel a series of guide-vanes whose angles of inclination to the plane of rotation of the wheel vary from that of the path followed by the discharged steam when the turbine-wheel is stationary up to that followed when the turbine-wheel is rotating at its maximum speed.

2. A steam-turbine having upon the discharge side of the turbine-wheel a series of guide-vanes whose angles of inclination to the plane of rotation of the wheel vary from that of the path followed by the discharged steam when the turbine-wheel is stationary up to that followed when the turbine-wheel is rotating at its maximum speed, said vanes being located along the line of travel of turbinewheel, the one corresponding to the path of stationary discharge being rst and the one corresponding to the maximum-velocity discharge being last.

3. A steam-turbine having upon the discharge side of the turbine-wheel a series of guide-vanes each of which is inclined to correspond to the direction of steam discharged at one of a given series of speeds of turbine revolution.

4. A multiple-impact steam-turbine having upon thedischarge side of the turbine-wheel and at the mouth of the steam-passage there provided a series of guide-vanes curved to receive tangentially the steam delivered from the buckets of the turbine-wheel at varying speeds of revolution and deliver the same in a common direction.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HUGO LENTZ.

Nitnessesz KARL H. MERK, LUDWIG LICHTENSTEINER. 

